The Angel Gabriel and Prophet Muhammad continued their miraculous ascension through the heavens.  This journey was far beyond the wildest imagining of any human being.  It began in the deserts of Arabia and spanned the reaches of the known universe and beyond.  At the gate of the seventh heaven, they exchanged the same questions and answers as in the previous heavens, and the angels declared their pleasure at meeting Prophet Muhammad.  Permission to enter was given and the Prophet of God, accompanied by Gabriel, the angel trusted with the revelations of God, moved into the final heaven.

The seventh heaven is an expression used by Christians to denote extreme happiness or bliss, as in “I am in the seventh heaven”.  In Islam, the seventh heaven is where Prophet Mohammad met Prophet Abraham; and indeed, he (Muhammad) must have been extremely happy and in a state of bliss, having been honoured with this journey of wonders.  Both Prophets exchanged greetings by saying Assalamu alaikum (may peace be upon you) and, as every other prophet had done, Prophet Abraham expressed his belief and faith in Prophet Muhammad’s mission.

Through his son, Ishmael, Abraham is the father of the Arabs and the ancestor of Prophet Muhammad; he is an ancestor of the people who became the Children of Israel (followers of Prophet Moses) through his son Isaac.  In Jewish traditions, Abraham is called the father of the Jews.  However, Islam rejects this idea, for the Quran clearly states that he was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but a believer in pure monotheism (belief in One God).

“Why do you dispute about Abraham, while the Torah and the Gospel were not revealed until after him?  Have you then no sense?  Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was a true Muslim Hanifa.”[1] (Quran 3:65 & 67)

Muslims are required to believe in all of the Prophets of God; Abraham, however, holds a special place as one of the important messengers of God and has the unique honour of being called, in both Islamic and Christian[2]  traditions, the beloved servant of God.  Together, Abraham and his son Ishmael built the Kaaba (the black cubical building in the middle of the Holy Masjid in Mecca).

“And remember when Abraham and Ishmael were raising the foundations of the House, saying, Our Lord!  Accept this from us.  Verily!  You are the All-Hearer, the All-Knower.” (Quran 2:127)

Muslims turn their faces towards the Kaba many times every day whilst performing their prayers, and in every prayer, they ask God to bless Abraham and his family.

The World of Angels

While in the seventh heaven, Prophet Muhammad was shown the building known as the much-frequented house, or al Bayt al-Mamoor in Arabic.  It is fitting that Prophet Abraham was here with this house, as it is the heavenly equivalent of the Kaaba in Mecca.  Each year at the time of pilgrimage (Hajj), more than 2 million Muslims from all over the world flock to Mecca to follow in the footsteps of Prophet Abraham and perform certain rites including circling the Kaaba.  Every day 70,000 angels visit this much-frequented house in the seventh heaven to worship God.  Prophet Muhammad informed us that, once the angels have visited Bayt al-Mamoor, they never return.  God swears by this house in the Quran.

“And by the Bayt al-Mamoor.” (Quran 52:4)

Seventy thousand angels every day!  What are the implications of this?  Think about it and wonder for how many thousands or even millions of years has this been happening?  How many of these beings, created by God from light, are there?  This was another wonder that Prophet Muhammad was privileged to see and made able to describe to us.  In his traditions, he also informs us that the heavens above us are moaning, every space as big as the width of four fingers is occupied by an angel worshipping God.

The Uppermost Boundary

Prophet Muhammad then moved through the seventh heaven to the uppermost boundary, to Sidrat al-Muntaha, a lote tree.

“Near Sidrat al-Muntaha (lote-tree of the utmost boundary.  Near it is the Paradise of Abode.” (Quran 53:14-15)

He described its fruits like jugs and its leaves as big as elephant ears.  Four rivers originated from the lote tree’s roots.  When he asked about them, Prophet Muhammad was told that two of the rivers originated in Paradise.  Nothing has reached us about the names or significance of these two rivers from the narrative of the ascension.  However, he was told that the other two rivers were replicas of the Nile and the Euphrates, two rivers that are especially blessed in this world of mankind.

Sidrat al-Muntaha is called the uttermost boundary because everything that comes up from the earth or the heavens stops there, and everything that comes down stops there,[3]  and because the knowledge of the angels stops at that point.  No one has gone beyond it except Prophet Muhammad.[4]  Beyond this point, we leave the heavens and move into the realm of the hereafter, the realm that contains Paradise and the Throne of God.  As Prophet Muhammad continues his miraculous journey, he moves into this realm and stands in the presence of God Almighty

Beyond the lote tree, the upmost boundary is a place where, apart from one exception, no human has ever been.  The night journey and ascension through the heavens culminated in Prophet Muhammad moving past the upmost boundary and standing in the presence of Almighty God.  Beyond the lote tree is the realm of the hereafter, Paradise, and the throne of God and God himself.

The word miraculous does not go far enough in describing what a wonder this must have been for Prophet Muhammad.  It is beyond description and beyond imagining. However, the Prophet Muhammad did not see God with his eyes, as God tells us in the Quran

“No vision can grasp Him.” (Quran 6:103)

One of the companions asked Prophet Muhammad directly if he saw God, to which he answered,

“He is veiled by light, how could I see him.” (Saheeh Muslim)

The fact remains however, that Muhammad Prophet of God, stood in the presence of God.

The Importance of Prayer

God spoke to Prophet Muhammad and we have no details of the exchange except that God enjoined the daily prayers upon Prophet Muhammad and his followers.  From this, we immediately understand the importance of prayer.  It is the only command which God ordained in the heavens; all other decrees originated on earth.  Prayer is a gift from God to those who truly believe in His Oneness.  God bestowed this gift upon Prophet Muhammad who in turn gave it to the followers of Islam.  It is a gift full of great blessings and bounties.  It establishes and maintains our connection to God.  God has no need of our prayers but we, as helpless human beings, are in great need of feeling connected to Him.  In fact, the Arabic word for the five daily prayers is salah, which come from the root word meaning “connection”.

“Guard strictly five obligatory prayers especially the middle prayer ­.  And stand before God with obedience.” (Quran 2:238)

God enjoined 50 prayers on Prophet Muhammad and his followers.  As Prophet Muhammad was descending he passed by Prophet Moses who requested to know what had been enjoined.  When Prophet Muhammad explained that he had been ordered to prayer 50 times per day, Moses felt astonished and immediately said, “Go back to your Lord and ask for a reduction”.  When God prescribed 50 prayers, Prophet Muhammad accepted it, Moses, having had been a great prophet himself, knew what from his followers what people could and could not handle in regards to religious obligations. He was sure that the followers of Muhammad would not be able to perform that many prayers.  Prophet Muhammad had knowledge. but Prophet Moses at this time had more experience.

Prophet Muhammad accepted the advice of his older brother/prophet, went back into the presence of God, and asked for a reduction.  God reduced them by ten to forty prayers.  Prophet Muhammad descended again; Prophet Moses asked him what happened.  When he heard that the reduction was only ten, Prophet Moses sent him back to ask again for a further reduction.

This exchange continued until the number of obligatory prayers became five.  Prophet Moses suggested a further reduction saying, “O Muhammad, I know people, your nation will not be able to handle it, go back and ask for the burden on your people to be relieved.”  Prophet Muhammad answered “No.”  He felt ashamed to ask for another reduction and said he was satisfied with five daily prayers.  A voice rang out, saying, “The prayers have been reduced to five but they will be rewarded as though they were fifty.”  God makes it clear to us that even praying these five prayers can be difficult for some people, but that those who establish the connection and trust that they will one day meet their Lord will find it easy.

“And seek help in patience and the prayer: and truly it is extremely heavy and hard except for the true believers in God. Those who obey God with full submission, fear much from His Punishment, and believe in His Promise (Paradise, etc.) and in His Warnings (Hell, etc.).  (They are those) who are certain that they are going to meet their Lord, and that unto Him they are going to return.” (Quran 2:45–46)

Mercy, Love and Compassion

This miraculous night concluded with this sign of the mercy of God.  Imagine how hard it would be to pray 50 times a day.  Although we learned during this journey that Moses cried when he realised Prophet Muhammad would have more followers then he on the Day of Judgement, we also learn how eager Prophet Moses was to give advice to Prophet Muhammad, and how keen he was to make the practice of Islam easy upon the believers.  The competition between the Prophets was one of love and compassion, and from this we should learn how to treat each other.  Although God tells us to compete with one another in doing deeds of righteousness, we should encourage and enable one another to do this easily.

“...so strive as in a race in good deeds.  The return of you (all) is to God; then He will inform you about that in which you used to differ.” (Quran 5:48)

Prophet Muhammad then descended back to the Holy Mosque in Mecca.  The companions of the Prophet were now about to face the biggest test to their faith so far.  Muhammad, the Prophet of God, was about to reveal that he had returned from an overnight journey to the farthest Masjid in Jerusalem, a journey that normally took more than one month.  He was also about to say he had travelled where no man had gone before, through the heavens and into the presence of God.  This was a miraculous journey by night, but would his companions believe him and how would his enemies react?

Muhammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of God and last of the prophets. And God has knowledge of all things.” (Quran 33: 40)

When a person accepts Islam, reconfirms his or her faith or prays any of the five daily prayers, they also affirm their belief in Muhammad as a prophet of God; the final prophet.  In addition to this over 1.5 billion people the world over believe that Prophet Muhammad’s life is worthy of being emulated and aspired to.  However many people embrace Islam without really knowing Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him.  Perhaps all they know is that he was born and lived in the Arabian Peninsula and received the literal word of God in the form of the Quran.  In the following two articles we will look at the noble life of Prophet Muhammad, learn to know and love him just a little bit more.  We will achieve this by looking at the signs of Prophethood in his noble life.

In Arabic the word prophet (nabi) is derived from the word naba which means news. Thus we deduce that a prophet spreads the news of God and His message, they are in a sense God’s ambassadors on earth.  Their mission is to convey the message to worship One God.  This includes, calling the people to God, explaining the message, bringing glad tidings or warnings and directing the affairs of the nation. All the prophets were anxious to convey God’s message sincerely and completely and this included the last prophet, Muhammad. During his final sermon Prophet Muhammad asked the congregation three times whether he had delivered the message, and called on God to witness their answer, which was a resounding “yes!”.

As well as the essence of their call to One God, another accepted sign of the truth of the prophets is how they live their lives.  The accounts of Prophet Muhammad’s life that we have inherited from our righteous predecessors illustrate that Muhammad’s Prophethood was guided by God from the very beginning.  Long before, Prophethood Muhammad was being prepared to guide humankind to the straight path and his life experiences stood him in good stead for such a weighty mission.  Then at the age of 40 when Prophethood was bestowed upon him, God continued to support and affirm his mission. Any account of Muhammad’s life is filled with examples of his exemplary character; he was merciful, compassionate, truthful, brave, and generous, while striving solely for the rewards of the Hereafter.  The way Prophet Muhammad dealt with his companions, acquaintances, enemies, animals and even inanimate objects left no doubt that he was ever mindful of God.

Muhammad’s birth was accompanied by many so called miraculous events and the talk of the extraordinary events no doubt functioned as signs of Prophethood, however we must be cautious about believing unreservedly in those extraordinary events. Not all of the events are accepted by all of the biographers and historians of Islamic history thus although they indicate an extraordinary beginning and a life destined to be guided by God, they may be embellished or exaggerated.

Special but not unique circumstances surrounded childhood of Prophet Muhammad and these undoubtedly had a bearing on his character. By the time he was eight years old he had suffered through the death of both his parents and his beloved grandfather Abdul Muttalib.  He was left in the care of his uncle and great supporter Abu Talib.  Thus even as a young boy he had already suffered great emotional and physical upheaval.  Both the many chroniclers of Muhammad’s life and the Quran acknowledge his disrupted life.

Did He not find you (O Muhammad) an orphan and gave you a refuge? (Quran 93:6)

Muhammad’s uncle Abu Talib was poor and struggled to keep his family fed, thus during his adolescence Muhammad worked as a shepherd.  From this occupation he learned to embrace solitude and developed characteristics such as patience, cautiousness, care, leadership and an ability to sense danger.  Shepherding was an occupation that all the prophets of God we know of had in common. ‘…The companions asked, “Were you a shepherd?”  He replied, “There was no prophet who was not a shepherd.”’[1]

In his teens Muhammad sometimes travelled with Abu Talib, accompanying caravans to trade centres. On at least one occasion, he is said to have travelled as far north as Syria.  Older merchants recognized his character and nicknamed him Al-Amin, the one you can trust.  Even in his youth he was known as truthful and trustworthy.  One story that is accepted by most Islamic scholars and historians is the account of one of Prophet Muhammad’s trips to Syria.

The story goes that the monk Bahira foretold the coming Prophethood and counselled Abu Talib to “guard his nephew carefully”.  According to biographer Ibn Ishaq, as the caravan in which Prophet Muhammad was travelling approached the edge of town, Bahira could see a cloud that appeared to be shading and following a young man.  When the caravan halted under the shadow of some trees, Bahira “looked at the cloud when it over-shadowed the tree, and its branches were bending and drooping over the apostle of God until he was in the shadow beneath it.” After Bahira witnessed this he observed Muhammad closely and asked him many questions concerning a number of Christian prophecies he had read and heard about.

The young Muhammad was distinguished among his people for his modesty, virtuous behaviour and graceful manners, thus it was no surprise for his companions to see him, even as a youth many years before Prophethood, shun superstitious practices and keep away from drinking alcohol, eating meat slaughtered on stone altars or attending idolatrous festivals.  By the time he reached adulthood Muhammad was thought of as the most reliable and trustworthy member of the Meccan community.  Even those who concerned themselves with petty tribal squabbles acknowledged Muhammad’s honesty and integrity.

Muhammad’s virtues and good moral character was established from a young age, and God continued to support and guide him.  When he was 40 years old Muhammad was given the means to change the world, the means to benefit the whole of humanity.

In the following article we will look at how Muhammad’s life changed after Prophethood and conclude that it is unreasonable to give credence to those who claim that Muhammad was a false Prophet.  He did not claim Prophethood to attain comfort, wealth, greatness, glory or power.