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Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him that Allah's Messenger  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) said: "No one does anything more excellent in the sight of Allah, The Great and The Glorious, than restraining his anger, seeking to please Allah." [Ahmad and At-Tirmithi] 





 




Murphy's Law is commonly known as: "Anything that can go wrong, will." However, what about the emotional and physical state of the person for whom everything that can go wrong has gone wrong? For example, when something goes wrong in an organization, it is the leader who is held responsible. If the mistake is costly, whether in time, money or reputation this puts stress and pressure on the one in charge. This will undoubtedly lead to a degree of anger based on the magnitude of the results of the mistake. 




 




Anger is a natural response. But, is it avoidable? Should it be avoided at all costs? Is it harmful? Sulayman bin Sard  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him said: "I was sitting with the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) when two men argued and one of them became so angry that his face became swollen and changed..." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]. It is clear from the above-mentioned narration that people are physically affected by anger. In terms of health, on-going states of anger have been linked with muscular tension, stress and adverse long-term affects on mental health. Although situations that cause anger are not always avoidable, anger can and should be controlled. A person who becomes angry may become irrational and say or do something regretful. When anger becomes a habit without efforts to control it, a person will face great difficulty in building quality interpersonal relationships. 




 




Prophet Muhammad  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) was tested by the stubborn and ignorant people around him. He was exposed to ridicule and harassment. His followers were oppressed and unjustly punished for accepting Islam. The Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) himself was the subject of physical and emotional abuse by the Arabs in Makkah. However, there are no records of the Prophet ever abusing an individual, losing his temper, or becoming angry (outside of issues of religion).




The Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) advised his followers to control their anger at all costs. Even at the climax of war, he advised them to deal with prisoners with mercy and compassion. Abu Hurayrah  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him narrated that Allah's Apostle  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) said: "The strong is not the one who overcomes people by use of his strength, rather he is the one who controls himself while in anger." [Al-Bukhari] Among his directives, he  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) stressed the importance of not killing children or the elderly, burning villages or cutting down trees. There was also a high degree of respect for the modesty of women and as a result, there was not a single case of rape reported in his time. How was this possible? Is it indeed possible for people to suppress their anger, if so, how 




 




One of the best ways for a person to control his anger is by becoming more aware of his own personal habits. Quite often, in the midst of a heated discussion, a person's muscles start to become tense and the pulse increases rapidly. When this happens, it is possible that the person will become angry and irrational. The Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) has advised us that paying attention to these physical signs is very important. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) said: "Beware of anger, for it is a live coal on the heart of the son of Adam. Do you not notice the swelling of the veins of his neck and the redness of his eyes?" [At-Tirmithi]




Prophet Muhammad  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) also emphasized the importance of relaxing one's muscles. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) suggested the following: Narrated Abu Tharr  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him: "The Messenger of Allah  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) said to us: ‘When one of you becomes angry while standing, he should sit down. If the anger leaves him, well and good; otherwise he should lie down’." [Abu Dawood]. The idea here is simple: the person must change the circumstances under which he first became angry. If his muscles have become tense and he has started to become angry while standing, then sitting down will require a relaxation of the muscles, while at the same time it will change the setting of the discussion. Also, getting up and performing ablution will help to alleviate the anger. 




 




Narrated Atiyyah As-Sa'di  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him"Abu Wa'il Al-Qass  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him said: “We entered upon 'Urwah bin Muhammad bin As-Sa'di  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him. A man spoke to him and made him angry. So he  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him stood and performed ablution; he then returned and said: ‘My father told me on the authority of my grandfather 'Atiyyah who reported the Apostle of Allah  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) as saying: `Anger comes from the devil, the devil was created of fire, and fire is extinguished only with water; so when one of you becomes angry, he should perform ablution`." [Abu Dawood].




In addition, the person must be aware of the kinds of situations and settings that make him angry. One source of frustration is being too busy to realize the kinds of situations that can cause anger and not taking the necessary precautions to avoid them. For example, if an employee is consistently late in submitting reports or is careless in the appearance of the reports, and this angers the leader, the problem is not necessarily caused by the staff member. Why? Simple: The leader must take the necessary steps to train the employee about what is required, so as to improve the work situation and avoid repeating the same stressful situation in the future. The leader can also learn to manage his reaction towards the staff member. One key to controlling anger is for a person to know what sets off the anger inside him and then is able to control it. Narrated Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him"The Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) mentioned anger, saying: ‘Some are swift to anger and swift to cool down, the one characteristic making up for the other; some are slow to anger and slow to cool down, the one characteristic making up for the other; but the best of you are those who are slow to anger and swift to cool down, and the worst of you are those who are swift to anger and slow to cool down.’" [At-Tirmithi 




 




Another important element in controlling anger is not to allow frustrations to build up without adequate attention. A leader may spend a lot of time dealing with people. Each interaction may cause the leader some frustration. If he has no way of dealing with the stress of each situation as it occurs, then the leader will find himself at the brink of anger for even the most trivial situations. This sort of awareness places great pressure on the leader to constantly pay attention to his own emotions. What is he feeling? Is something frustrating him? If so, what is it? Is it something that can be immediately changed? If not, the leader must explore what can be done to help alleviate the situation, at least temporarily. Throughout the day, the leader must take inventory of his feelings towards the staff and towards particular situations. In addition, the leader must try to not let anger build up throughout the course of the day and when dealing with different situations. 




Taking time out for prayer is one way to break the tension and relieve the stress that brings on anger. If taking a break to pray is not possible then stopping to make Du'aa' can help. Being aware of one's own personality will not only allow a person to function better, but also enable him to control his anger regardless of the situation.






Having good morals and manners is an essential requisite of our faith—and that takes much thought and effort.


The Beloved Messenger of Allah  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) (may Allah exalt his mention), said: “The best amongst you are the best in character and manners.” (Al-Bukhari)



Improving our character, however, is not at all an easy task. One must go through rigorous self-discipline, monitoring and education in order to reform our entire way of thinking and acting.


What is good character? How can we do good things? The simplest way to answer these questions is to look at the Messenger of Allah  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) as a role model. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) is the perfect example of good character. Allah says about him  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) in the Quran (what means):“You have indeed in the Messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern (of conduct) for any one whose hope is in Allah and the Final Day, and who engages much in the Praise of Allah.” [Quran 33:21]


One salient attribute of the Prophet’s  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) character was perfection—and that he sought perfection in everything he did. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) was the best father, the best husband, the best leader, the best teacher, and the best friend. According to his Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, he  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) was known to be the most honest, patient, trustworthy, gracious, and compassionate person of their time. His wonderful character gave him a magnetic personality that everyone around him loved dearly. The lesson for us is to perfect everything we do, however small it is, even in mundane daily actions such as slaughtering animals for food.



Although he  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) was the leader of all the Muslims, he was humble. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) never belittled his Companions, may Allah be pleased with them. When someone would speak to him, he  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) would turn around fully to talk. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) did not answer carelessly while walking away nor did he merely turn his head towards them. When he  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) shook hands with someone, he gripped with his whole hand and never was the first to release his grip. When speaking with him, he  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) never was the first to look away. When he walked into a congregation, he  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) never demanded to sit at the center or near the front. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) just sat wherever he found space.


He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) encouraged his Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, to be the best they could be. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) brought out the best in all of his Companions, may Allah be pleased with them. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) took people who used to bury their own babies alive and transformed them into compassionate, caring human beings. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) did not accomplish this by sitting around and telling people what to do. The Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, emulated his actions, thus caused a domino effect.



There is a story of a disbeliever who used to place fecal matter in the path that the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) walked every morning. The Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) would see it in his path until one day he did not. He  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) though this was strange so he  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) asked about this man. It turned out that he was ill so the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) went to visit him. Genuinely touched by the Prophet’s  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) visit and sincere thought, the man declared his belief in the Message of Muhammad  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ).


This teaches us that we should insist on being kindhearted to people, as much as we can, and do it with sincerity, sometimes even for those who are not nice to us. This is good character.


The way to establish a good moral code is to clear our heads of bad ideas and interpretations. We have to teach ourselves different and better ways to analyze ideas and events that we may come across. This may sound easy, but for most of us it requires intense training and effort.


Let us look at some scenarios as examples. Let us say we are going out for a walk. We are walking along and we get stopped by a homeless person who asks us for money for food. Some of us will completely ignore this person and include him in a stereotype we might have of homeless people. We might think that this person will use the money for cigarettes or alcohol. We might even wonder why this person does not have a job like the rest of us. Enter our new and improved moral code—we can either give this person money for the sake of Allah and ask him to buy food with it or run over to the nearest fast food restaurant and buy this person a meal.



The lesson here is to never turn away a person who asks you for help. This was the character of our beloved Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ).


Scenario number two: A friend of yours trusts you with a secret that he/she thinks is important. You promise him/her not to tell anyone. Shortly after, you are speaking with a mutual friend and you think his/her secret would make a nice conversation topic. After all, you do not know why your friend is making such a big deal out of his/her little secret. Besides, you are going to make the person you are telling promise not to tell anyone, just like you did. Enter moral code and you stop, reminding yourself that a promise is a promise.


The lesson here is to be trustworthy, whether it is with feelings, thoughts, and emotions or with material possessions. This also was one of the Prophet’s  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) great characteristics.


The last scenario takes place at a coffee shop. You are happily sipping your mocha latte and reading the newspaper when you look at the time and realize you are late for work. As you are scurrying to get your stuff together, you spill what is left of your latte. You tell yourself that it’s OK, one of the employees will eventually realize that there is a spill and clean it up. Enter your moral code that reminds you that someone can slip and fall on that. Further, cleanliness is a part of Islamic belief. So you take a minute or two to clean it up.


There are a couple of lessons here. First, you prevented a possibly harmful slip and fall accident. The Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) was reported as saying: “Eeman (belief) consists of more than sixty branches. The highest of which is the declaration of the Shahaadah (i.e. the testimony that there is None worthy of worship except Allah) and the lowest of which is the removal of harm out of the way.” (Ahmad)


Secondly, you portrayed a positive image of Islam and Muslims.



Before we act or react to anything, we should ask ourselves: “What would the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) have done?” The prayer and fasting alone will not guarantee us Paradise. Righteous, positive character is Islamic character. Once we develop a more positive, Islamic approach on the events that occur, we will perfect our character.





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