in islam there is absolutely no difference between men and women as far as their relationship to allah is concerned, as both are promised the same reward for good conduct and the same punishment for evil conduct. the quran says:
"and for women are rights over men similar to those of men over women." [noble quran 2:228]
the quran, in addressing the believers, often uses the expression, 'believing men and women' to emphasize the equality of men and women in regard to their respective duties, rights, virtues and merits. it says:
"for muslim men and women, for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in charity, for men and women who fast, for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in allah's praise, for them has allah prepared forgiveness and great reward." [noble quran 33:35]
this clearly contradicts the assertion of the christian fathers that women do not possess souls and that they will exist as sexless beings in the next life. the quran says that women have souls in exactly the same way as men and will enter paradise if they do good:
"enter into paradise, you and your wives, with delight." [noble quran 43:70]
"who so does that which is right, and believes, whether male or female, him or her will we quicken to happy life." [noble quran 16:97]
the quran admonishes those men who oppress or ill-treat women:
"o you who believe! you are forbidden to inherit women against their will. nor should you treat them with harshness, that you may take away part of the dowry you have given them - except when they have become guilty of open lewdness. on the contrary live with them on a footing of kindness and equity. if you take a dislike to them, it may be that you dislike something and allah will bring about through it a great deal of good." [noble quran 4:19]
considering the fact that before the advent of islam the pagan arabs used to bury their female children alive, make women dance naked in the vicinity of the ka'bah during their annual fairs, and treat women as mere chattels and objects of sexual pleasure possessing no rights or position whatsoever, these teachings of the noble quran were revolutionary. unlike other religions, which regarded women as being possessed of inherent sin and wickedness and men as being possessed of inherent virtue and nobility, islam regards men and women as being of the same essence created from a single soul. the quran declares:
"o mankind! reverence your guardian-lord, who created you from a single person, created, of like nature, his mate, and from this pair scattered (like seeds) countless men and women. reverence allah, through whom you demand your mutual (rights), and reverence the wombs (that bore you); for allah ever watches over you." [noble quran 4:1]
the prophet of islam (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "women are the twin halves of men." the quran emphasizes the essential unity of men and women in a most beautiful simile:
"they (your wives) are your garment and you are a garment for them." [noble quran 2:187]
just as a garment hides our nakedness, so do husband and wife, by entering into the relationship of marriage, secure each other's chastity. the garment gives comfort to the body; so does the husband find comfort in his wife's company and she in his. "the garment is the grace, the beauty, the embellishment of the body, so too are wives to their husbands as their husbands are to them." islam does not consider woman "an instrument of the devil", but rather the quran calls her muhsana - a fortress against satan because a good woman, by marrying a man, helps him keep to the path of rectitude in his life. it is for this reason that marriage was considered by the prophet muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) as a most virtuous act. he said: "when a man marries, he has completed one half of his religion." he enjoined matrimony on muslims by saying: "marriage is part of my way and whoever keeps away from my way is not from me (i.e. is not my follower)." the quran has given the raison d'être of marriage in the following words:
"and among his signs is this, that he has created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them; and he has put love and mercy between you. verily in that are signs for those who reflect." [noble quran 30:21]
the prophet muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was full of praise for virtuous and chaste women. he said:
"the world and all things in the world are precious but the most precious thing in the world is a virtuous woman. he once told the future khalifah, 'umar: "shall i not inform you about the best treasure a man can hoard? it is a virtuous wife who pleases him whenever he looks towards her, and who guards herself when he is absent from her."
on other occasions the prophet said:
"the best property a man can have is a remembering tongue (about allah), a grateful heart and a believing wife who helps him in his faith." and again: "the world, the whole of it, is a commodity and the best of the commodities of the world is a virtuous wife."
before the advent of islam women were often treated worse than animals. the prophet wanted to put a stop to all cruelties to women. he preached kindness towards them. he told the muslims: "fear allah in respect of women." and: "the best of you are they who behave best to their wives." and: "a muslim must not hate his wife, and if he be displeased with one bad quality in her, let him be pleased with one that is good." and: "the more civil and kind a muslim is to his wife, the more perfect in faith he is."
the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was most emphatic in enjoining upon muslims to be kind to their women when he delivered his famous khutbah on the mount of mercy at arafat in the presence of one hundred and twenty-four thousand of his companions who had gathered there for the hajj al-wada (farewell pilgrimage). in it he ordered those present, and through them all those muslims who were to come later, to be respectful and kind towards women. he said:
"fear allah regarding women. verily you have married them with the trust of allah, and made their bodies lawful with the word of allah. you have got (rights) over them, and they have got (rights) over you in respect of their food and clothing according to your means."
in islam a woman is a completely independent personality. she can make any contract or bequest in her own name. she is entitled to inherit in her position as mother, as wife, as sister and as daughter. she has perfect liberty to choose her husband. the pagan society of pre-islamic arabia had an irrational prejudice against their female children whom they used to bury alive. the messenger of allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was totally opposed to this practice. he showed them that supporting their female children would act as a screen for them against the fire of hell:
it is narrated by the prophet's wife, ayshah, that a woman entered her house with two of her daughters. she asked for charity but ayshah could not find anything except a date, which was given to her. the woman divided it between her two daughters and did not eat any herself. then she got up and left. when the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to the house, ayshah told him about what had happened and he declared that when the woman was brought to account (on the day of judgment) about her two daughters they would act as a screen for her from the fires of hell.
the worst calamity for a woman is when her husband passes away and, as a widow, the responsibility of maintaining the children falls upon her. in the eastern world, where a woman does not always go out to earn her living, the problems of widowhood are indescribable. the prophet muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) upheld the cause of widows. most of his wives were widows. in an age when widows were rarely permitted to remarry, the prophet encouraged his followers to marry them. he was always ready to help widows and exhorted his followers to do the same. abu hurayrah reported that the prophet said: "one who makes efforts (to help) the widow or a poor person is like a mujahid (warrior) in the path of allah, or like one who stands up for prayers in the night and fasts in the day."
woman as mother commands great respect in islam. the noble quran speaks of the rights of the mother in a number of verses. it enjoins muslims to show respect to their mothers and serve them well even if they are still unbelievers. the prophet states emphatically that the rights of the mother are paramount. abu hurayrah reported that a man came to the messenger of allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked: "o messenger of allah, who is the person who has the greatest right on me with regards to kindness and attention?" he replied, "your mother." "then who?" he replied, "your mother." "then who?" he replied, "your mother." "then who?" he replied, "your father."
in another tradition, the prophet advised a believer not to join the war against the quraish in defense of islam, but to look after his mother, saying that his service to his mother would be a cause of his salvation. mu'awiyah, the son of jahimah, reported that jahimah came to the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, "messenger of allah! i want to join the fighting (in the path of allah) and i have come to seek your advice." he said, "then remain in your mother's service, because paradise is under her feet."
the prophet's followers accepted his teachings and brought about a revolution in their social attitude towards women. they no longer considered women as mere chattels, but as an integral part of society. for the first time women were given the right to have a share in inheritance. in the new social climate, women rediscovered themselves and became highly active members of society rendering useful service during the wars which the pagan arabs forced on the emerging muslim ummah. they carried provisions for the soldiers, nursed them, and even fought alongside them if it was necessary. it became a common sight to see women helping their husbands in the fields, carrying on trade and business independently, and going out of their homes to satisfy their needs.
ayshah reported that saudah bint zam'ah went out one night. 'umar saw her and recognized her and said, "by god, o saudah, why do you not hide yourself from us?" she went back to the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him about it while he was having supper in her room, and he said, "it is permitted by allah for you to go out for your needs." the predominant idea in the teachings of islam with regard to men and women is that a husband and wife should be full-fledged partners in making their home a happy and prosperous place, that they should be loyal and faithful to one another, and genuinely interested in each other's welfare and the welfare of their children. a woman is expected to exercise a humanizing influence over her husband and to soften the sternness inherent in his nature. a man is enjoined to educate the women in his care so that they cultivate the qualities in which they, by their very nature, excel.
these aspects were much emphasized by the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). he exhorted men to marry women of piety and women to be faithful to their husbands and kind to their children. he said:
"among my followers the best of men are those who are best to their wives, and the best of women are those who are best to their husbands. to each of such women is set down a reward equivalent to the reward of a thousand martyrs. among my followers, again, the best of women are those who assist their husbands in their work, and love them dearly for everything, save what is a transgression of allah's laws."
once mu'awiyah asked the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), "what are the rights that a wife has over her husband?" the prophet replied, "feed her when you take your food, give her clothes to wear when you wear clothes, refrain from giving her a slap on the face or abusing her, and do not separate from your wife, except within the house." once a woman came to the prophet with a complaint against her husband. he told her: "there is no woman who removes something to replace it in its proper place, with a view to tidying her husband's house, but that allah sets it down as a virtue for her. nor is there a man who walks with his wife hand-in-hand, but that allah sets it down as a virtue for him; and if he puts his arm round her shoulder in love, his virtue is increased tenfold." once he was heard praising the women of the tribe of quraish, "...because they are the kindest to their children while they are infants and because they keep a careful watch over the belongings of their husbands."
the shari'ah regards women as the spiritual and intellectual equals of men. the main distinction it makes between them is in the physical realm based on the equitable principle of fair division of labor. it allots the more strenuous work to the man and makes him responsible for the maintenance of the family. it allots the work of managing the home and the upbringing and training of children to the woman, work which has the greatest importance in the task of building a healthy and prosperous society.
before anyone can have a true and complete understanding of hijab and its real meaning, one needs to take a step back and start at the beginning. allah says in the quran, which muslims believe is the word of god, what means:
[not for (idle) sport did we create the heavens and the earth and all that is between!] (al-anbiyaa' 21:16)
in this verse allah makes clear that everything he created has a purpose. every star in the sky, every fish in the ocean, and every leaf on a tree was made for a specific reason. so too was the human being created for a specific purpose. and allah explains this purpose clearly in the quran. he says what means:
[and i did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship me.] (adh-dhariyat 51:56)
it is important to note even the construction of this statement. allah did not just say that he created jinn and mankind to worship him. he began with a negation. he said: "i did not create the jinn and mankind." by saying it in this way, allah begins by clearing the board from any other purpose before he states what our one and only purpose is: to worship him and him alone.
now, it is in that context that one should begin to understand hijab. hijab should properly be seen as simply another show of devotion to our creator. just as we pray and fast because he commanded us to do so, we should view hijab in the very same light.
just as praying and fasting sincerely for allah's pleasure brings us closer to him, so too does wearing hijab — if done with the same sincerity. by obeying allah's commandments, hijab is just another way to worship our lord. and in so doing, it brings us closer to realizing our purpose of creation.
that purpose can be reflected even in the clothes that we choose to wear. if when we choose our dress, our intention is to please allah, that action in itself is an act of worship. in the very choice of one piece of clothing over another, is an act of worship.
many people like to refer to hijab as a "personal choice". yes. it is a personal choice. it is a personal choice to submit to god rather than the fashion of society. it is a choice to be beautiful to god, rather than to people. and it is a choice to cover and dignify the body allah gave you, rather than give in to a culture that teaches women they are to be sex objects who sell their bodies to market beer.
however, hijab should not just be seen as a cloth one puts on the head. rather hijab is a symbol of our worship and servitude to god. it is a symbol of modesty, that is not just about our attire; it extends to our whole demeanor.
if someone is wearing the hijab of modest clothing but is not modest in their behavior, they have only shown the external modesty. but internal modesty is missing. because both internal and external modesty is essential, allah mentioned the two together in the quran:
[say to the believing men that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty: that will make for greater purity for them: and allah is well acquainted with all that they do. and say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty…] (al-mu'minun 24:30-31)
in this verse of the quran, allah does not just talk about the dress of modesty, but also the demeanor of modesty. in fact, both internal and external modesty is so important that the prophet (peace be upon him) connected it with faith itself.
unfortunately, we live in a society that teaches the exact opposite. in our society today, modesty is viewed as a sign of weakness and insecurity, when in fact modesty is a sign of dignity and self-respect.
true modesty means not only being modest in front of people, but also in front of allah.
ultimately, allah knows best. we seek his guidance in all our affairs; and we pray that he shows us and allows us to remain firm on the straight path.
