For whom is fasting Ramadaan obligatory?

Fasting is obligatory for a person if he fulfils five conditions: 


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1- He is a Muslim

2- He is accountable (mukallaf)

3- He is able to fast

4- He is settled (not travelling)

5- There are no impediments to fasting 

If these five conditions are met, then it is obligatory for a person to fast. 

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Let's explain more these  conditions:


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1⃣ Kaafirs (non Muslims) are excluded from the first condition. 


The kaafir is not obliged to fast and his fast is not valid. 


If he becomes Muslim he is not obliged to make up fasts from before. 

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2⃣ The second condition: 

He should be accountable (mukallaf). 


👉The one who is mukallaf is one who is has reached the age of puberty and is of sound mind, because a minor or one who is insane is not accountable. 

The one who is of sound mind is the opposite of one is insane, which is one who has lost his mind, whether he is insane or feeble-minded.

 Everyone who has lost his mind, in whatever sense, is not accountable and he is not obliged to do any of the obligatory duties of Islam like prayer or fasting.

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3⃣ The third condition: 

Being able to fast. 


👉The one who is unable to fast does not have to fast, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days which one did not observe Sawm (fasts) must be made up] from other days”

[al-Baqarah 2:185] 

But being unable to fast falls into two categories: temporary inability and permanent inability. 

🔹Temporary inability is that which is mentioned in the verse quoted above, such as one who is sick but hopes to recover, and the traveller.


👉 These people are allowed not to fast, then they have to make up what they missed. 

🔹Those who are permanently unable to fast, such as one who is sick and has no hope of recovery, or those who are elderly and are unable to fast, are mentioned in the verse (interpretation of the meaning): 

“And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskeen (poor person) (for every day)”

[al-Baqarah 2:184] 

As Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) interpreted it, it refers to the old man and old woman who are not able to fast, so they should feed one poor person for each day.