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Allah the Omnipotent and Omniscient informs us that His Wrath descended upon previous nations as a result of their negligence to enjoin good and forbid evil:


Nor did they forbid one another the inequities which they used to committ: evil indeed were the deeds which they did. (5:79)


-> Islamic forms of worship encourage brotherhood and egalitarian values


All forms of worship in Islam are egalitarian in nature and promote brotherhood and peace. The shahadah (testimony of faith), salat, (prayer) zakat (alms and charity), saum (fasting), hajj (pilgrimage), amr bil-ma’roof wa nahi ‘anil-munkar (commanding the good and prohibiting the evil), jihad (exertion and struggle) are obligatory equally upon all those Muslims who are able to fulfill the requirements according to their abilities. To become a Muslim the simple rite is to declare the testimony of faith: LA ILAHA ILLALLAH MUHAMMAD-UR-RASULULLAH (there is no god except Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah). In congregational prayer Muslims stand next to each other in rows without any class or other distinctions between them. Zakah promotes generosity and social cohesiveness between the richer and the poorer segments of the society. Fasting promotes realization of the basic needs of all humans, and control of these most basic physical desires. Hajj is the grand equalizer since all clothe themselves in simple white cloth and perform the same rituals in remembrance of the Prophet Abraham () and glorification of the sacred precincts of Makkah. Commanding the good and prohibiting the evil and “Jihad” is by definition for the promotion and preservation of all that is good, wholesome and decent and combating of that which is all evil and morally corrupt.


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-> Necessity of all to seek beneficial knowledge


The Omniscient Allah states:


Is one who worships devoutly during the hours of the night prostrating himself or standing (in adoration), who takes heed of the Hereafter, and who places his hope in the Mercy of his Lord, (like one who does not)? Say: Are those equal, those who know and those who do not know? It is those who are endured with understanding that receive admonition. (39:9)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Seeking knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim.” (Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, & Baihaqi)


-> Environmental protection and preservation


Islam commands Muslims to protect and preserve the environment and warns against wanton destruction and pollution.


The general rule is as Allah says:


Do not commit mischief on the earth after it has been set in order, and call on Him (Allah in prayer) with fear and longing: for the Mercy of Allah is always near to those who do good. (7:56)


Also, Allah, the Almighty, states:


There is the type of man whose speech about this world's life may dazzle you, and he calls Allah to witness about what is in his heart; yet he is the most contentious of enemies. When he turns his back, his aim is to spread mischief everywhere through the earth and destroy crops and cattle. But Allah does not love mischief. (2:205-5)


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The most precious natural resources of clean pure water, air and fertile land are protected for the general good and utility. For instance, the Prophet () commanded for water conservation and preservation by asking the Muslims not to waste water during washing and ablution even when one is utilizing running river water, and he forbade washing of the parts of the body while making ablutions, more than three times saying:


"Whoever increases on that (more than three) does injustice and wrong." (Nasa’ee)


And Allah's Messenger () forbade people to urinate in stagnant water. (Muslim)


Islam also forbids people to place any excrement, refuge, or garbage in the middle of the public passages, or in the choice shady places which people use for rest and recreation.


-> Social Welfare including support of orphans, the needy and destitute


Allah the Exalted and Almighty said:


Give full measure when you measure, and weigh with a scale balance that is straight; that is the most fitting and the most advantageous in the final determination. (17:35)


The Messenger of Allah () said:


“The orphan's sponsor and I are in Paradise like these (and he held his two fingers, the index and the middle fingers, together, indicating how close they are).”


(Tirmidthi)


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The Messenger of Allah () said:


“By Allah! One would not become a Believer until he likes for his brother what he likes for his own self”


(Muslim)


-> Principles of Endowment


Endowments in Islam are of two types:


Private Endowment: This type is dedicated to the progeny of the person who offers such endowment. The progeny and family members of the grantor would be well off, and they would not need to ask others to donate to them. This type has a stipulation, however, that the funds of the endowment would be given to the public interest charitable work upon the death of the last person of the progeny of the donor.


Public and General Endowment: This type is dedicated to charitable works, such as: building hospitals, schools, roads, public libraries, mosques, community centers, orphanages, elderly homes and other beneficial projects of general public interest for the community and the society at large.


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Islamic Morals Promote Comprehensive Peace


The entire code of Islamic ethics seeks to promote and maintain peace, security and happiness in the society at large. This code enjoins brotherhood and all beneficial things that promote peace and forbids all types of actions that instigate evil and implant hatred and rancor in the hearts and minds of people. Accordingly if the members of the society apply the Islamic code of ethics, they would enjoy the peace, security, tranquility and happiness for which they naturally strive and yearn. All values of the Islamic morality produce a better person and an upright human being with noble traits of character admired universally: truthfulness, fairness, courage, generosity, patience, perseverance, kindness, and courteousness.


The essential criterion of the Islamic morality is to eradicate all the harmful and obnoxious actions, attitudes and behaviors which displease Allah the Almighty, Creator and Lord-Sustainer of mankind, and are therefore declared unlawful. If a Muslim practices any of the forbidden acts he would expose himself to either punishment in this world by the specified punishments of the Islamic law, or the Wrath of Allah, the Omnipotent and Irresistible in the Hereafter,


As the modern Arab poet Amir ash-Shu’ara` ash-Shauki declared in verse, explaining that nations of people are naught but their morals and characters.


If the morals of the nation cease


the nation ceases!





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Islam Enjoins Believers to Observe the Following Moral Obligations and Recommendations to Promote Peace


-> Islam enjoins truth


Allah the Exalted and Almighty said:


O you who believe! Fear God and be with those who are truthful. (9:119)


Allah the Exalted and Almighty said:


And he who brings the Truth and he who confirms and supports it - such are the men who are god fearing.


(39:33)


-> Islam enjoins justice


Allah, the Exalted and Almighty said:


Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and generosity to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that you may receive admonition. (16:90)


Justice and fairness are commanded and required in all situations, when one is happy and satisfied, and when one is upset and unsatisfied, with Muslims and with non-Muslims alike. Allah the Exalted and Almighty said:


O you who believe! Stand out firmly for Allah as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to Piety: and fear Allah. For Allah is well-aware with all that you do. (5:8)


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And He, the Exalted, says:


O you who believe! Stand out for justice, as witnesses to Allah, and even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, and whether it be against rich or poor…


(4:134)


-> Islam enjoins altruism


Philanthropy and benevolence are the results of sincere altruism, and the companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him were especially noteworthy of this trait, offering their help and assistance to others solely for the Pleasure of Allah.


Allah the Exalted and Almighty says:


And do good. Truly Allah loves those who do good.


(2:195)


Allah, the Exalted, said:


But those who, before them, had homes (in Medina) and had adopted the Faith, show their affection to such as came to them for refuge, and entertain no desire in their hearts for things given to the (latter), but give them preference over themselves, even though poverty was their (own lot). And those saved from the covetousness of their own souls; they are the ones that achieve prosperity. (59:9)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Do favors for those who deserve to have them done for them and also for those who do not deserve to have them done for them. If the doer did the favor for those who deserve it, it is fine and good, and if not, the doer himself is one of those who are worthy for favors” (Tirmidthi)


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-> Islam enjoins brotherhood


Allah, the Exalted, says:


Verily the believers are but brothers… (49:10)


The Messenger of Allah () said:


“Do not envy one another; do not inflate prices by overbidding against one another; do not hate one another; do not harbor malice against one another; and do not enter into commercial transaction when others have entered into that (transaction); but be you, O slaves of Allah, as brothers. A Muslim is the brother of another Muslim; he neither oppresses him nor does he look down upon him, nor does he humiliate him. Piety is here, (and he pointed to his chest three times). It is enough evil for a Muslim to hold his brother Muslim in contempt. All things of a Muslim are inviolable for his brother-in-faith: his blood, his property and his honor.”


(Muslim)


The Messenger of Allah () said:


"A Muslim is a brother to a Muslim. He should neither deceive him nor lie to him, nor leave him without assistance. Everything belonging to a Muslim is inviolable for a Muslim; his honor, his blood and property. Piety is here (and he pointed out to his chest thrice). It is enough for a Muslim to commit evil by despising his Muslim brother." (Tirmidthi)


-> Islam enjoins the maintenance of righteous company


Muslims are advised to gain good company and avoid bad company. The Prophet of Allah () said:


“The example of good and evil companions is like that of a person who is carrying musk and the blacksmith who


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is blowing the fire of his furnace. The carrier of musk would either give you some of it or you may buy some from him or at least you would receive the smell of perfume from him. As for the blacksmith who is blowing fire, you may either burn your clothes, be disturbed with the sparks of his fire, or the least you would receive is bad odor coming from him and his place of work” (Bukhari & Muslim)


-> Islam enjoins reconciliation and peace making


Reconciliation is enjoined at all times and especially when there is a serious rift in relationship that may lead to increased conflict.


Allah the Almighty and Exalted said:


The Believers are but brothers so make peace and reconciliation between your two (contending) brothers; and fear God, that you may receive Mercy. (49:10)


Allah, the Almighty and Exalted, says:


In most of their secret talks there is no good; but if one exhorts to a deed of charity or justice or reconciliation between men, (then secrecy is permissible): to him who does this, seeking the good Pleasure of Allah, We shall soon give a reward of the highest value. (4:114)


-> Islam enjoins maintaining a good character and morals.


Good morals and virtues are essential for a better society. Allah's Messenger () said:


“Amongst the best Believers are the persons with the best of morals and characteristics and those who are most kind to their families.” (Tirmidthi)


And he () said:


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“I was sent only to perfect the good conduct” and in another report “to perfect the noble of conduct.”


(Malik, Ahmad & al-Bazzar)


-> Islam enjoins generosity.


Generosity brings people closer to each other and enables the generous to gain the love and affection of others. Allah's Messenger () said:


“Allah, the Almighty, loves two traits; to be good to others and to be generous to them. Similarly, Allah, the Almighty, hates two traits; to be mean to others and to be miser to people. [On the other hand,] If Allah, the Almighty, favors a person, He would employ him to assist others achieve their goals and fulfill their needs. ”


(Bukhari & Muslim)


The criterion of generosity in Islam is mentioned in the verse of the Glorious Qur’an:


Do not tie your hand to your neck (like a niggard), nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach (being extravagant) so that you become blameworthy and destitute. (17:29)


The criterion is set to restrict people from exceeding limits. Allah, the Almighty said:


And render to the kindred their due rights, as to those in need and want, and to the wayfarer: but do not squander your wealth in the manner of a spendthrift. Verily spendthrifts are brothers of the Evil Ones; and the Evil One is Ungrateful to his Lord. (17:26-7)


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-> Islam enjoins on Muslims to hide mistakes and omissions of others


The Prophet of Allah () said:


“Whosoever alleviates a Believer's hardship of this world, Allah, the Almighty, would alleviate his hardship and difficulty of the Day of Judgment. Whosoever eases the terms on [a financially] stranded person, Allah, the Almighty, would ease his difficulties in both this world and the Hereafter. Whosoever hides the defects of a Muslim in this world, Allah, the Almighty, would hide the defects of that person both in this world and in the Hereafter. Allah, the Almighty, would continue to assist a slave-servant so long as such a person is extending his help and assistance to his Muslim brethren.” (Muslim)


-> Islam enjoins upon patience.


People are encouraged to be patient in order to perform their religious and mundane duties and to avoid all evils. Allah, the Almighty, states in the Glorious Qur’an:


Now await in patience the Command of thy Lord: for verily you are in Our eyes: and celebrate the praises of thy Lord while you stand forth. (52:48)


Islam also urges and encourages Muslims to be patient on what they have been predestined for such as fear, poverty, hunger, lack of resources, terminal illness, etc. Allah the Almighty and Exalted said:


Be sure that We shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods or lives, or the fruits (of your toil), but give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere. Who say, when afflicted with calamity: ‘To Allah we belong, and to Him is our return.’ They are


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those on whom (descend) blessings from their Lord, and Mercy, and they are the ones that receive guidance.


(2:155-7)


Allah the Almighty and Exalted illustrates the reward of the patient people as follows in the Glorious Qur’an:


Say: O My servants who believe! Fear your Lord. Good is (the reward) for those who do good in this world. Spacious is Allah's earth! Those who patiently persevere will truly receive a reward without measure! (3:10)


Part of mercy and forgiveness is to control the temper and forgive others even though one is capable of taking revenge, which strengthens the relationships and ties amongst people and creates a better atmosphere within the society. Allah promises a great reward for controlling one's temper. Allah, the Almighty, states in the Glorious Qur’an:


Be quick in the race for forgiveness from your Lord, and for a Garden whose width is that (of the whole) of the heavens and of the earth, prepared for the righteous. Those who spend (for Allah’s sake), whether in prosperity, or in adversity; who restrain anger and pardon; for Allah loves those who do good. (3:133-4)


Also, Allah, the Almighty, commands Muslims to practice righteousness at all times and in all circumstances and not to return evil when mistreated with evil acts. Allah the Almighty and Exalted said:


Goodness and Evil are not equal. Repel Evil with that which is better; then it will be that the one between whom and you there was hatred will become as if he were your friend and intimate! (41:34)


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The above examples are mere glimpses of what Islam commands Muslims to comply with in their personal and public lives for the Pleasure of Allah. The Book of Allah, the Qur’an, and the Sunnah of Allah's Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, provide additional commands and details related to these and other high and noble morals.


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Examples of Acts Prohibited in Islam which help Promote Peace


Islam has denounced and condemned vehemently the following acts and strictly prohibited their practice in the path of promoting peace and security in the society, and eradicating or curtailing wrath, hatred, rancor, greed, and resentment which are the root causes of conflicts and violence.


-> Polytheism and Idolatry


Polytheism and idolatry inevitably cause conflict as clans, tribes and peoples compete and vie for recognition, status, dominance and tribute for their idols and associated ideologies and mythologies. If all people worshipped Allah the one and only God then the greatest root of violence would be eradicated.


Allah the Most Majestic said:


And ask those of Our messengers whom we sent before you, 'Did we make other deities to be worshipped besides Allah? (43:45)


Allah the Most Glorious said:


And We did not send a messenger before you, except that We revealed to him that there is no god worthy of worship except Me, so worship Me. (21:25)


Allah the Most Almighty and Majestic said:


And verily, We have sent among every community a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (alone), and avoid taghoot (Satan, idols, tyrants). (16:36)


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Allah, the Exalted, said:


Those who believe fight in the way of Allah, and those who disbelieve fight in the way of taghoot (Satan, idols, tyrants). So fight against the followers of Satan: Indeed the plot of Satan is feeble. (4:76)


-> Sorcery and magic of all types.


This prohibition is based on the numerous evidences like the saying of Allah:


But neither of these two (angels (Haroot and Maroot) taught anyone (sorcery) till they had said (warning them): ‘Indeed, we are a trial, so do not disbelieve.


(2:102)


And in the hadith of Allah's Messenger ():


“Avoid the seven destructive things. People inquired: O Prophet of Allah! ‘What are these destructive things?’ He said: “They are: associating others in the worship of Allah; sorcery and magic of all types; killing an innocent soul without any legitimate reason; dealing with interest and usury; eating up and abusing the orphan's funds; fleeing from the battlefield; falsely accusing innocent female believers with fornication, adultery, or moral corruption.” (Bukhari & Muslim)


-> Aggression and oppression.


Allah () said:


The blame is only against those who oppress men with wrongdoing and insolently transgress beyond bounds through the land, defying right and justice; for such people there will be a grievous penalty. (42:42)


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Allah, the Almighty and Exalted stated


Say: The things that my Lord hath indeed forbidden are: shameful deeds, whether open or secret; sins and trespasses against truth or justice; assigning of partners to Allah for which He hath given no authority; and saying things about Allah of which you have no knowledge. (7:33)


Allah, the Almighty also said:


If one amongst the pagans polytheists ask you for asylum, grant it to him so that he may hear the Word of Allah; and then escort him to where he can be secure. That is because they are men without knowledge. (9:6)


The Messenger of Allah () said:


"Beware of injustice, for oppression will be darkness on the Day of Resurrection; and beware of stinginess because it doomed those who were before you. It incited them to shed blood and treat the unlawful as lawful." (Muslim)


The Messenger of Allah () said:


“Allah inspired me: Be humble so as no one oppresses another, and no one brags with pride over another.”


(Muslim)


Allah’s Messenger () said:


“Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, said: ‘My servants, I have made oppression unlawful for Me and unlawful for you, so do not commit oppression against one another...’” (Muslim)


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Islam urges to support both the oppressed and the oppressor by stopping the source of oppression.


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Support and come to the aid of your brother whether he is oppressed or, he is the oppressor.”


A man who heard this inquired, I can understand supporting my brother if he is oppressed, but what about if he is the oppressor? Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asserted,


“Support him by stopping him from his oppression: that is the way to support (in truth) the oppressor”


(Bukhari)


All lawful members of the society, regardless of creed or faith are entitled to full protection of their rights to life, property and wealth. For instance the Messenger of Allah () said:


“He who kills (unlawfully) a non-Muslim residing under Islamic rule, would not smell the fragrance of Paradise. The fragrance of Paradise can be smelled at a distance of forty years.” (Bukhari)


-> Unkind treatment towards parents, children and kindred.


This is based on the verse revealed:


Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him, and that you be kind to parents. And if one or both of them attain old age in thy life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of honor. And, out of kindness, lower to them the wing of humility, and say: My Lord! Bestow on them thy Mercy just as they cherished me in childhood. (17:23-24)


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And the Messenger of Allah () said:


“The happiness and dismay of Allah is from the parents’ happiness and dismay with their child, and the unhappiness and dismay of Allah is from the unhappiness and dismay of parents from their children.” (Tirmidthi)


Islam teaches benevolence towards all kindred. This is based on the verse revealed in the Glorious Qur’an,


Then, is it to be expected of you, if you were put in authority, that you will do mischief, in the land, and break your ties with kith and kin? Such are the men whom Allah has cursed for He has made them deaf and has blinded their sight. (47:22-3)


This is also based on the tradition of the Prophet of Allah ():


“A person breaking family ties will not enter Paradise”


(Bukhari & Muslim)


Breaking ties with family and the kindred implies many things: absence of mutual exchange of visits; carelessness towards the needy relatives; and indifference to extend financial and social assistance to the destitute family members.


Islam appreciates the charity from the rich to the destitute. A charitable donation from a rich family member to a needy family member carries a double reward since it is both charity, on the one hand, and a type of re-establishment of bonds between family members. If a person is poor and is unable to extend financial support to relatives, Allah rewards even his visit, care and affection since they are a


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type of charity and are good deeds. Allah's Messenger () said:


“Establish a good rapport with your family members and immediate relatives, even by as little as greeting them and asking about their affairs and health.”


(Bazzar & Tabrani)


-> Adultery, fornication, slander etc


It is a known fact that much conflict, fighting and murder takes place due to “love triangles” wherein people fight over their legal or illegal sexual partners. Islam has cut all the pathways to illegal sexual relations to preserve the chastity and purity of the people of the society, and to prevent conflict, illegitimate children and abortion.


Allah the Exalted and Almighty said:


Nor come nigh to adultery: for it is a shameful (deed) and an evil way, opening the road (to many other evils). (17:32)


And He said:


Those who slander chaste women, indiscreet but believing, are cursed in this life and in the Hereafter: for them is a grievous Penalty. (24:23)


And Allah the Exalted and Almighty said:


Those who love (to see) abhorrent acts broadcast among the Believers, will have a grievous Penalty in this life and in the Hereafter: Allah knows, and you do not know. (24:19)


The Prophet of Allah () convinced a young man of the illegality of illicit sexual relations in the following conversation:


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“A young man came to the Messenger of Allah () and asked: ‘O Messenger of Allah, permit me (with special license) to commit fornication (and adultery).’ The people started to rebuke him harshly but the Prophet sat close to him and asked: ‘Would you like it for your mother?’ He replied ‘No, by Allah, may Allah make me a sacrifice for you!’ The Messenger of Allah () said: ‘And thus the people do not like it for their mothers.’ He said: ‘Would you like it for your daughter?’ ‘No’ he replied. The Messenger of Allah () said: ‘And thus the people do not like it for their daughters.’ He said: ‘Would you like it for your paternal aunt?’ ‘No’ he replied. The Messenger of Allah () said: ‘And thus the people do not like it for their paternal aunts.’ He said: ‘Would you like it for your maternal aunt?’ ‘No’ he replied. The Messenger of Allah () said: ‘And thus the people do not like it for their maternal aunts.’ Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, put his hand on the youth and said: ‘O Allah forgive his sin and purify his heart and make him chaste (fortify his abstinence from sexual sins).” [Reported by Imam Ahmad from the tradition narrated by Abu Umamah.] Here we find an example of the Messenger of Allah () patiently convincing this man by analogies about the injustice of double standards: since no one wants his ownself to be exploited and abused, then how should he allow himself to exploit others. The golden rule, as it is called, is expressed in the famous tradition of the Messenger (): “None of you believes until he loves for his brother that which he loves for himself.”


(Bukhari & Muslim)


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-> Intoxicants and Gambling


As it is well known, intoxicated individuals are more likely to commit violent crimes than sober individuals. Gambling is also the cause of much conflict. Allah the Almighty states:


O you who believe! Intoxicants, gambling, and divination by arrows, are an abomination of Satan's handiwork: avoid all such (abominations) that you may prosper. Satan's plan is but to excite enmity and hatred between you, with intoxicants and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of God, and from prayer: will you not then abstain? (5:90-91)


-> Stealing, robbery, unlawful acquisition of property and wealth


Such acts are bound to create hatred and resentment, and provoke conflicts in the society, leading to insecurity and chaos.


The Messenger of Allah () said:


“Whoever takes a right of a Muslim, Allah, the Almighty, would cause him to dwell in the Fire of Hell on the Day of Judgment and restrict him from entering Paradise. One of the Companions who was present at the time inquired, 'O Prophet of Allah! What if the item that a person takes was negligible? Allah's Messenger () said: “Even if the item is as insignificant as a wooden tooth brush (from an Arak tree branches)” (Muslim)


-> Monopoly and hording


The Prophet () said:


“Only a sinner monopolizes (the food and other items of public need)” (Muslim)


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-> Misuse of the wealth and the assets of an orphan.


Orphans are weak and incapable of managing their funds. An orphan’s guardian is responsible to manage wisely the finance and the affairs of his guarded orphan to the best of his ability. Allah warns saying:


Those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, eat up a fire into their own bodies: they will soon be enduring a blazing fire. (4:10)


-> Abuse of authority


A Muslim ruler or any person in a position of authority must be just and honest with his people and must not do wrong to them or betray them in any way. As Allah said:


Think not that Allah is heedless of the deeds of those who do wrong. He only gives them respite against a Day when the eyes will stare in horror. (14:42-43)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“If Allah entrusted a person with an authority but the person entrusted did not offer his best possible advice to his constituents, such person would not be allowed to enter Paradise” (Bukhari)


-> Torture


The companion Hesham ibn Hakim ibn Hizam once passed by a group of Nabatcans in the Levant who were made to stay in the sun. He said: What’s wrong with these people? They said: They are imprisoned because they did not pay the jizya. Hesham said: "I witness that I have heard the Messenger of Allah () saying:


"Allah tortures those who torture people in this lifetime." He said: "And their ruler ‘Umair Ibn Sa’d at the time was in


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Palestine, so he went to him and informed him who in turn passed his orders so they were discharged." (Muslim)


-> False testimonies and oaths


False testimonies are major sins. In fact, if a person intentionally insists on false testimonies on a regular basis, he would be considered out of the realm of Islam. Allah the Almighty, states:


Those who do not witness falsehood, and, if they pass by futility, pass by it with honorable (avoidance). (25:72)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Should I inform you about the most heinous sins? The Companions said yes. Allah's Messenger () said: (The most heinous sins are) to associate others in worshipping Allah, and to be bad and disobedient to your parents. Allah's Messenger () was leaning on the floor, then he sat straight and said: “…and to give a false statement and to give a false testimony.” Allah's Messenger kept repeating the last statement until the Companions wished that he would quit repeating it.”


(Bukhari)


This type of oath is intentional and made to secure some unlawful gains. This oath is called ghamoos (immersing) since it immerses the oath taker in the Fire of Hell. Allah, the Almighty states:


As for those who sell the faith they owe to Allah and their own sacredly pledged word for a small price, they shall have no portion in the Hereafter. Allah will not speak to them or look at them on the Day of Judgment, nor will He cleanse them (of sins): they shall have a grievous Penalty. (3:77)


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This is also based on the tradition of Allah's Messenger ():


“Whosoever takes the right of another Muslim by his right hand (i.e. by the false oath) would be entitled for the Fire of Hell and would be deprived the entry of Paradise.” A man raised a question as to even if the thing that he takes from his Muslim brother's rights is negligible? Allah's Messenger () said: Even if the right of the Muslim brother was a tooth brush (from the branch of the Arak tree)” (Muslim)


-> Betrayal and breach of trust in contracts.


Islam enjoins upon Muslims to be truthful. Islam commands to fulfill promises and warns against breaking promises and dishonoring contracts. Islam stresses on fulfilling all trusts to the right people and warns against denying even an insignificant amount entrusted to a person as a trust. Allah the Almighty states:


O you who believe! Betray not the trust of Allah and the Messenger, nor misappropriate knowingly things entrusted to you. (8:27)


Islam declares keeping secrets as one of the acts of trust. Allah's Messenger () said:


“If a person said something to another person, then turned away, such a statement becomes a trust to the listener” (Tirmidthi & Abu Dawood)


Similarly, Islam categorized seeking a consultation, as a trust as well. Allah's Messenger () said:


“A consulted person is entrusted (i.e. with whatever he hears from the person seeking his consultation and honest opinion and advice)” (Tirmidthi & Abu Dawood)


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Islam promotes trustworthiness. Allah's Messenger () said:


“There is no faith for a person who is untrustworthy. There is no religion for a person who breaches his pledge of allegiance.” (Ahmed & Baihaqi)


The Prophet () said:


“If a person possesses four vices, he would be categorized as a full hypocrite. And if one possesses any one vice of the four, he would be partially a hypocrite unless he cures himself from the vice: to lie whenever he speaks; to break the promise; to betray the trust; to breach a covenant.” (Bukhari & Muslim)


According to another narration reported by Muslim:


“A person would be categorized as such even if he maintains his daily prayers, observes the fast of Ramadan, and claims that he is a Muslim.”


-> Slander and backbiting


Backbiting is to mention things about people that they hate to be known even though such facts are true. This kind of act jeopardizes the honor and dignity of the person attacked, breeds hatred and disdain among people, which may lead to violence. Slander includes publishing false news and libel.


Allah the Almighty states:


Woe to every (kind of) scandal-monger and backbiter.


(104:1)


The Messenger of Allah () said:


“Do you know what is backbiting? The Companions present at the time said, Allah and His Messenger know best! Allah's Messenger () said: “It is to mention


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something behind the back of a person, which he despises for others to know about him.” One of the companions inquired, O Prophet of Allah! What if the point raised behind his back truly exists in him, would this still be categorized as an act of backbiting? Allah's Messenger


() replied: “Backbiting is to mention a vice that exists in him whereas if he doesn’t have such a vice, then it is slandering” (Muslim)


-> Name-calling and mocking others


Allah said in the Glorious Qur’an:


O you who believe! Let not some men among you mock others: it may be that the (latter) are better than the (former): nor let some women mock others: it may be that the (latter) are better than the (former): nor defame nor be sarcastic to each other, nor call each other by offensive nicknames: evil indeed is a name connoting wickedness after one has believed: and those who do not desist are (indeed) doing wrong. (49:11)


-> Hatred, contempt and resentment against others.


Such vices provoke acting in revenge in many possible ways. Allah's Messenger () was asked:


“O Prophet of Allah! Who is the best type of man? Allah's Messenger () said: “Every warm hearted person, and every true person.” The Companions who were present raised a question to Allah's Messenger () saying, O Prophet of Allah! We know the true person, but what about the warm-hearted person? Allah's Messenger () said: “He is the pious, pure person, the sinless one, with no oppression or transgression on the rights of others, a person who possesses no hatred or envy in his heart for others” (Tirmidthi)


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The Messenger of Allah () illustrated the results of envy as follows:


“Envy and jealousy eat up the good deeds as the fire eats up the wood” (Abu Dawood)


-> Social boycott (unless under strict conditions)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Do not boycott one another, do not turn your backs on each other, do not hate one another, do not envy one another: all of you should be (true) slave-servants of Allah like brethrens. A Muslim is not allowed to boycott his Muslim brethren for more than three (days)” (Bukhari & Muslim)


And in another version of the narration:


“A Muslim is not permitted to boycott his Muslim brother for a period exceeding three nights, upon meeting one another, each one swerving to a different direction and shunning each other. The best of the two is the one who initiates the greeting to the other.”


-> Cursing and abusive language


Allah's Messenger () said:


“People who curse would not be permitted to be witnesses or interceders on the Day of Judgment”


(Muslim)


Islam prohibits even cursing enemies and encourages a Muslim to pray for the guidance of such people to the Right and Straight Path. This is based on Allah's Messenger () who was once asked: “O Prophet of Allah! Shouldn’t you pray against pagans and idol worshippers? He said:


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“I am only commissioned as a mercy (for mankind) and I was not commissioned to curse others” [Reported by Muslim]


-> Stinginess and miserliness


Islam considers wealth as a trust that Allah entrusted to man for a specific period of his lifetime to be used wisely and spent in accordance with Allah’s commands: for living expenses and essential needs, for charity and for righteous deeds. The Messenger of Allah () said:


“A treacherous, stingy and miserly person who brags time and again about his donation and assistance to other needy and poor individuals, would never enter Paradise” (Tirmidthi)


Allah's Messenger () is also reported to have warned about disastrous consequences of a society where miserliness becomes a common practice, saying:


“Beware of oppression. Oppression is darkness on the Day of Judgment. Beware of greed and miserliness, as it destroyed people before you. Greed and miserliness compelled people (before you) to shed the blood of their own people and pushed them to make lawful what was unlawful and forbidden.” (Muslim)


-> Extravagance and lavish spending.


Allah has commanded a Muslim to abstain from being lavish.


Eat and drink, but waste not by excess; Verily He loves not the excessive. (7:31)


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Allah the Almighty states:


And render to the kindred their due rights, and (also) to those in want, and to the wayfarer: and do not squander (your wealth) in the manner of a spendthrift. Verily, spendthrifts are brothers of the devils; and the Satan is ungrateful to his Lord (Himself). (17:26-27)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Allah, the Almighty, prohibits you from being disobedient to your mothers, from declining to give the poor and needy for the cause of Allah, from asking people charity if you do not truly need it, and from burying girls alive. Allah also dislikes for you to be rumor mongering, to often ask people to give you, and to waste funds foolishly.” (Bukhari & Muslim)


-> Exaggeration and extremism


Allah, the Almighty states:


Allah intends every facility for you; He does not want to put you to difficulties. (He wants you) to complete the prescribed period, and to glorify Him in that He has guided you; that perhaps you will be grateful. (2:185)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Offer glad tidings and do not chase people away. Ease the life of people and do not make it difficult and unbearable for them.” (Bukhari & Muslim)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Beware of going beyond the bounds of the religion. The people before you were destroyed by going to extremes in the religion.”


(Nisaa`e, Ibn Maajah, Ibn Khuzaimah & al-Haakim)


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-> Arrogance and false pride.


Allah, the Almighty said:


And do not puff your cheek (in pride) at men, nor walk in insolence through the earth; for God does not love an arrogant boaster. And be moderate in thy pace, and lower thy voice; for the harshest of sounds without doubt is the braying of the ass. (31:18-19)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“A person, whose heart contains an atom weight of arrogance, would not enter Paradise.” One of the Companions who was present at the time, asked Allah's Messenger (): “O Prophet of Allah! One of us likes to wear good clothes and good shoes [so is that arrogance?] Allah's Messenger () said: “Arrogance is to deny the truth and to have contempt towards others” (Muslim)


Allah's Messenger () also said:


“Allah would not look on the Day of Judgment at the one who drags his clothes in arrogance.” (Bukhari & Muslim)


-> All unjust acts leading to disputes, quarrels and feuds among people.


Allah the Almighty states:


And hold fast, all together, by the Rope which Allah (stretches out for you), and be not divided among yourselves. And remember with gratitude Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies and He joined your hearts in love so that by His Grace you became brethren. And you were on the brink of the Pit of Fire, and He saved you from it. Thus Allah makes His Signs clear to you that you may be guided. (3:103)


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Similarly, Islam bans all forms of suspicion and evil thoughts about others. Allah, the Almighty and Majestic states:


O you who believe! Avoid suspicion as much as you can, for suspicion in some cases is a sin: and spy not on each other, nor speak ill of each other behind their backs. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Nay, but you would abhor it. And fear Allah: for Allah is Oft Returning, Most Merciful. (49:12)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Avoid suspicion as suspicion (leads to) the most untruthful speech one could ever make.” (Bukhari)


-> Misrepresentation of facts and false reporting


Allah the Almighty, said:


O you who believe! If a wicked person comes to you with any news, ascertain the truth of it lest you harm people unwittingly and afterwards become full of repentance for what you have done. (49:6)


-> Fits of Rage, Temper tantrums, and use of offensive and abusive language.


Thus a Muslim is ordered to always control anger. Allah the Almighty and Majestic states:


“Those who avoid the greater crimes and shameful deeds and even when they are angry, they forgive.” (42:37)


The Messenger of Allah said ():


"The strong man is not the one who wrestles, but the strong man is in fact the one who controls himself in a fit of rage." (Bukhari & Muslim)


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Allah's Messenger () said:


“A Believer is not a person who attacks the integrity of others, curses others, uses foul language and is unpleasant in his speech with others.” (Tirmidthi)


Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported:


A man asked the Prophet () to give him advice, and he said: "Do not get angry." The man repeated that several times and he replied (every time): "Do not get angry." (Bukhari)


-> Glee and malicious joy over the sufferings of others.


Allah's Messenger () said:


“Do not demonstrate any happiness upon seeing your brother’s tragedy. Allah would be Merciful to the latter and afflict you with such problems.” (Tirmidthi)


-> Undue interference with things that do not concern him


Allah's Messenger () said:


“One of the signs of being a good Muslim is to leave that which does not concern him.” [Reported by Tirmidhi]


-> Unjust ruling and sentences


Laws are derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah and thus there are no legislators except Allah in Islam. Therefore a judge is entrusted with interpreting the law and applying it justly in all individual cases, and if he becomes unjust in his verdicts, he is betraying the sacred trust. The Wise and Sublime states,


“…and whosoever does not judge by what Allah hath revealed, then indeed, they are the disbelievers.” (5:44)


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This is also based on the Hadith of Allah's Messenger ():


“The judges are three, two of which are the dwellers of the Hellfire and one is in Paradise. A judge who knows the truth and judges accordingly would be dwelling in Paradise. A judge who knows the truth but purposely deviates from it would be dwelling in the Hellfire. The judge who passes his sentence without possessing appropriate knowledge would be dwelling in the Hellfire.” One of the Companions, who was present at the time raised the following question, “What is the sin of the judge who was not truly aware of the truth and reality of the case? Allah's Messenger () commented, His sin is that he should not function as a judge until he is knowledgeable.” (Hakim)


-> Spying on others


Islam bans spying on others by all means as mentioned by Allah:


O you who believe! Avoid suspicion as much as you can for suspicion in some cases is a sin, and spy not on each other, nor speak ill of each other behind their backs. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Nay, but you would abhor it. And fear Allah: for Allah is Oft Returning, Most Merciful. (49:12)


Allah's Messenger () said:


“A person who listens in onto the conversation of others who hate him to listen in would have molten lead poured into his ears on the Day of Judgment” (Bukhari)


-> Spreading the mistakes of others, and slandering


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A tattle-tale breaks up amiable relationships between people and breeds animosity, and creates a situation of chaos in the society. Allah, the Almighty states


Heed not the type of despicable man, ready with oaths, a slanderer, going about with calumnies. (68:10-11)


The Messenger of Allah () said,


“A slanderer would not be allowed to enter Paradise.”


(Bukhari & Muslim)


One of the sure results of slander is the spread of rumors, hatred and anger among members of the community. As such, this may lead to murders or a disorder in the community. Islam neither accepts nor condones such situation.


-> Exploitation of others, especially the easily victimized like the destitute or elderly.


Islam aims to establish a well-integrated society with solid fraternal bonds. Allah the Almighty and Majestic said:


Serve Allah, and join not any partners with Him; and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, those in need, neighbors who are near and neighbors who are strangers, the Companion by your side, the way-farer (ye meet) and what your right hands possess: for Allah does not love the arrogant, the vainglorious. (4:36)


-> Inconveniences to others, especially neighbors


The Messenger of Allah () said:


“By Allah! A person would not become a [full] Believer! By Allah! A person would not become a [full] Believer! [Repeating the same phrase twice.] The Companions asked, 'O Prophet of Allah! Who is this person?' Allah's Messenger () commented, He is the one with whom a


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person whose neighbor is neither safe nor secure against [all of his] harms and evils.” (Bukhari & Muslim)


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Conclusion


Islam builds the foundation for friendly relationships between men on the principles of public and mutual interests of all the parties concerned. Never is there to be any compulsion or force for the acceptance of Islam. Islam wishes well for all regardless of color, creed, geographic location and nationality. Its laws and principles promote universal modes of righteousness, benevolence and justice. Muslims are commanded to love for the cause of Allah and hate for the cause of Allah, and never for any other special interests, worldly desires or whims. One does not love or hate the person per say, but loves the good and hates the evil shown by the behavior of that person. Allah the Almighty states:


Hold to forgiveness; command what is right; but turn away from the ignorant. (7:199)


Islam brings people from the darkness of ignorance and injustice, to the true light of guidance and justice. Allah the Wise and Sublime states:


Allah is the Protector and Ally of those who have faith: He leads them from the depths of darkness into the light. The disbelievers are the patrons and allies of the taghoot (Satan, idols, tyrants): from light they lead them into the depths of darkness. They will be Companions of the Fire to dwell therein (forever). (2:257)


Islam educates all Muslims to be peaceful, forgiving, patient and caring. Islam seeks all means to establish social justice in the society and protect the rights of all citizens of the Islamic state and encompasses them all in its welfare system. Islam exhorts upon Muslims to be good to others without expecting a favor rather seeking the reward from Allah, their Lord Most


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Bountiful. Islam educates Muslims to respect and honor the divine instructions and laws so that every member in the society feels secure, safe and peaceful, except those who, by their criminal activities, deserve to be punished with justice for transgression. Islam educates Muslims to be selfless and to like for others as they wish for themselves so that the entire society benefits: the old are to be kind to the young and minor; the young are to be merciful, respectful and helpful to the old; the rich to be generous to the poor; all should seek to aid the needy. Islam aims for the ideal society wherein the statement of Allah's Messenger () would be fulfilled:


“The example of the believers in their love and affection to one another is like that of the organs of one body. If one organ aches, the rest of the body becomes feverish, and is affected.”


We hope that this booklet helps as a guide for the seekers of the truth, those who would seek to achieve the bliss in Paradise, seekers of the true salvation from the Hellfire and its everlasting and humiliating torture, and the honorable abode of Paradise.


Since we all know that death is the final destiny of every living being, the crucial question is: what happens after death? Muslims like all believers in scriptures believe in the Resurrection after death wherein all will meet just rewards or punishments in an eternal life, either in the bliss of Gardens of Paradise or the blazing fires of Hell. As for those who sincerely accept Islam as a way of life, they surely took the safe path that leads to happiness and the bliss after death. As for those who commit evil acts in this world against innocent people and without any just basis, they would be punished and penalized for what they have committed against innocent people. However, if one commits any act of disobedience


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against the Commandments of Allah, the Almighty; it is totally up to the Will and Mercy of Allah. If He Wishes to torture the evildoer by His justice, there is no one to intercede on his behalf unless Allah permits. And if Allah wishes to pardon such an evildoer, He would do so out of His Mercy and Generosity.


As for those who turn away from Islam, or turn their backs to it and die as non- Muslims, we do believe that such people would stay in the Fire of Hell eternally.


Therefore, we urge every sensible, thoughtful and respective human being to seek true salvation for his soul by correct actions and based on the Mercy of Allah, Most Merciful. We encourage every person to seek the Right and Straight Path that leads to Paradise; that is the Path of Allah; the Path of Islam; the total submission to Allah. This is the Path that leads to happiness for eternity. Allah the Almighty says of those enemies who spread false propaganda against Islam:


Their intention is to extinguish Allah's Light by their mouths: but Allah will complete (the revelation of) His Light, even though the disbelievers may detest (it). (61:8)


The Messenger of Allah () said:


“By the One in Whose Hand the soul of Muhammad is! No member of this nation (to be called), no Jew or Christian who hears of me and does not believe in what I was sent with, but he will be of the people of the Fire.”


(Muslim)


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All Praise is due to Allah alone, the Rubb of the Worlds


And may Allah exalt the mention of His Prophet and his household and render him safe from every derogatory thing


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